{"id":20955,"date":"2024-04-29T04:27:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T04:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/?p=20955"},"modified":"2024-04-29T07:30:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T07:30:06","slug":"eude-calgi-koleksiyonculugu-calgilarin-siniflandirilmasi-ve-muzecilik-soylesisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/29\/eude-calgi-koleksiyonculugu-calgilarin-siniflandirilmasi-ve-muzecilik-soylesisi\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u00dc\u2019de \u201c\u00c7alg\u0131 Koleksiyonculu\u011fu, \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve M\u00fczecilik\u201d S\u00f6yle\u015fisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ege \u00dcniversitesinde\u00a0 \u201cM\u00fcze S\u00f6yle\u015fileri\u201d\u00a0yeni konu ve konuklarla devam ediyor<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>E\u00dc\u2019de \u201c\u00c7alg\u0131 Koleksiyonculu\u011fu, \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve M\u00fczecilik\u201d S\u00f6yle\u015fisi<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ya\u011fmur Sena Onurluba\u015f<\/p>\n

Ege \u00dcniversitesi (E\u00dc) Etnografya M\u00fczesinde, \u201cM\u00fcze S\u00f6yle\u015fileri\u201d kapsam\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7alg\u0131 Koleksiyonculu\u011fu, \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve M\u00fczecilik\u201d s\u00f6yle\u015fisi d\u00fczenlendi. E\u00dc Sa\u011fl\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Spor Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen ve moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc E\u00dc Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Haluk Sa\u011flamtimur\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yle\u015finin konu\u011fu koleksiyoner Prof. Dr. Feza Tansu\u011f oldu. S\u00f6yle\u015fiye, E\u00dc Etnografya M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Dilek Maktal Canko, akademisyenler, koleksiyon merakl\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenciler kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"S\u00f6yle\u015fi \u00f6ncesi Prof. Dr. Feza Tansu\u011f\u2019un \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fini kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larla payla\u015fan Do\u00e7. Dr. Sa\u011flamtimur, \u201cBug\u00fcn konu\u011fumuz olan Say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Feza Tansu\u011f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen m\u00fczik uzmanlar\u0131ndan birisi. Tansu\u011f, ABD\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversitelerinde Antropoloji ve Etnom\u00fczikoloji e\u011fitimi ald\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve Orta Asya\u2019da alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Prof. Dr. Feza Tansu\u011f, Etnografya M\u00fczesinin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011ferli \u00e7alg\u0131 koleksiyonunu m\u00fczemize ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayarak, m\u00fczemizin kurulu\u015funa b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu vesileyle, m\u00fczemizin kurulu\u015funda b\u00fcy\u00fck eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en de\u011ferli hocam\u0131za Ege \u00dcniversitesi ad\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimi sunuyorum\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7alg\u0131 koleksiyonundan ba\u015fka \u00e7e\u015fitli etnografik objeler de ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen \u00a0Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201cEge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan beri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinden \u00e7alg\u0131 toplay\u0131p biriktirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cM\u00fczelerde \u00e7alg\u0131lar belirli kriterlere g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201cEtnolojik literat\u00fcr, \u00e7alg\u0131lara ili\u015fkin yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 ya da mu\u011flak kelimelerle doludur ve alan derlemecisinin raporunun son s\u00f6z oldu\u011fu m\u00fczelerde, etiketler en anlams\u0131z terimleri ta\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011fru tan\u0131mlama ve adland\u0131rma, \u00e7e\u015fitli tipler hakk\u0131nda en temel kriterlerin bilinmesini gerektirir. Bu da, bir m\u00fczeye yap\u0131lacak bir ziyaretin de g\u00f6sterece\u011fi gibi, nadiren yerine getirilen bir ko\u015fuldur\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7alg\u0131larda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma dizgelerini de anlatan Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, Erich M. von Hornbostel ve Curt Sachs\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesi ilk kez 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanca olarak bir etnoloji dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ne yaz\u0131k ki bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131. \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma dizgelerinden hi\u00e7biri Hornbostel ve Sachs\u2019\u0131nki denli uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olamad\u0131 ve bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rman\u0131n yerini alamad\u0131. Hornbostel ve Sachs\u2019\u0131n bu dizgesi g\u00fcncelli\u011fini biraz olsun yitirmedi\u011fi gibi gelecekte de yitirece\u011fe benzemiyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cSistematik d\u00fczenleme ve terminoloji \u00f6nemli\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201cBu dizgenin kendi savlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yaz\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fczeciler ve koleksiyoncular\u0131n ba\u015ftan sa\u011fma s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleriyle ilgili getirdi\u011fi ele\u015ftiriler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de 110 y\u0131l \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu kadar ge\u00e7erli. Bununla birlikte, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya da \u00e7e\u015fitli ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f, baz\u0131 yerlerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Hatta yazarlar da kendilerini 1914\u2019te yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f, ileride yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi gereken noktalar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015flerdir. Bu ele\u015ftirilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131na Jaap Kunst\u2019un \u2018Ethnomusicology\u2019 ve Laurence Picken\u2019\u0131n \u2018Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey\u2019 adl\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u0131n sistematik olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi, en ba\u015fta m\u00fczikologlar\u0131, etnom\u00fczikologlar\u0131 ve etnolojik koleksiyon ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi m\u00fczeleri yetkililerini ilgilendirir. Ne var ki, sistematik d\u00fczenleme ve terminoloji, yaln\u0131zca materyal koleksiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bunlar\u0131n incelenmesi ve yorumlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de gereklidir. Bir \u00e7alg\u0131dan, \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, can\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi herhangi bir isimle bahseden bir ki\u015fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olacakt\u0131r ve bu \u00e7alg\u0131ya hi\u00e7 de\u011finmemesi ye\u011fdir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cUluslar\u0131n \u00e7alg\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sisteminin pratik yararlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar teorik avantajlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu da belirten Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201c\u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta birbirleriyle son derece ilgisiz gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen nesneler, ke\u015ffedilen yeni genetik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde bir arada s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Burada, her zaman, sistemin temelinin dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin s\u0131nanmas\u0131 yol g\u00f6sterici bir g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenecektir. Kabul edilebilir bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sisteminin yenmesi gereken zorluklar son derece b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc belli bir d\u00f6neme veya ulusa uyan bir sistem, t\u00fcm zaman ve uluslar\u0131n \u00e7alg\u0131 cephaneli\u011fi i\u00e7in bir temel olu\u015fturmaya uygun olmayabilir. Eskiden \u00c7inliler, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131lan malzeme temeline dayand\u0131rarak, \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131 kilden, kam\u0131\u015ftan, ta\u015ftan, a\u011fa\u00e7tan, sukaba\u011f\u0131ndan, bambudan, deriden ve ipekten yap\u0131lan \u00e7alg\u0131lar olarak ay\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u201cVictor Mahillon, Erich M. von Hornbostel ve Curt Sachs\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"Etnografya M\u00fczesi\u2019ne ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc dinleyicilere g\u00f6steren Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201cOrganoloji yani \u00e7alg\u0131bilim art\u0131k, bildik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek itirazlara a\u015finad\u0131r ve konunun uzmanlar\u0131, 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r daha tatmin edici s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar elde edebilmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok giri\u015fimde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u015eu ya da bu koleksiyonun kimi \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar bir yana, 110 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar kataloglarda daha \u00e7ok Victor Mahillon\u2019un, Br\u00fcksel Konservatuvar\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 katalo\u011fu i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1888 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren kullan\u0131lan sistem benimsenmi\u015ftir. Mahillon, titre\u015fen g\u00f6vde \u00f6zelli\u011fini, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n birinci ilkesi olarak kabul etti. Mahillon gibi Hornbostel ve Sachs da, ses \u00fcretiminin fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ilkesi olarak kabul ettiler ancak daha bu noktada bile zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc akustik fizik o g\u00fcne kadar gerekli \u00f6n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Tansu\u011f, \u201cS\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalarda genellikle, sistemdeki ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n s\u0131ralanmas\u0131n\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131klarla, \u00f6zellikle zooloji ve botanikte oldu\u011fu gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f, \u00e7e\u015fit, familya, cins, t\u00fcr, t\u00fcrev ifadeleriyle belirtilir. \u00c7alg\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Mahillon kendisi de bu ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmi\u015f ve bunu s\u0131n\u0131f, kol, k\u0131s\u0131m, alt-k\u0131s\u0131m terimleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hornbostel ve Sachs, genel tipolojik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n en ba\u015ftaki ana gruplarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halde, yine de Mahillon\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, d\u00f6rt ana gruptan s\u0131n\u0131f, daha sonraki alt ayr\u0131mlardan alt s\u0131n\u0131f, daha sonrakinden \u00e7e\u015fit ve sonrakinden alt \u00e7e\u015fit olarak yer vermi\u015flerdir. Genel olarak, Hornbostel ve Sachs alt ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6znel tercihlerden ka\u00e7\u0131narak ve \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n kendisi ile u\u011fra\u015fmay\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rakarak, \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bi\u00e7imlerinden anla\u015f\u0131labilecek \u00f6zelliklerine dayand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Burada yaln\u0131zca m\u00fcze yetkililerinin de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve etnom\u00fczikologlar\u0131n da ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Alt ayr\u0131mlar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarih ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc noktaya kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fczik videolar\u0131yla zenginle\u015ftiren konuk Prof. Dr. Feza Tansu\u011f\u2019a etkinlik sonunda Etnografya M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Dilek Maktal-Canko taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fekk\u00fcr belgesi takdim edildi.<\/p>\n