T\u00fcrkiye Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: Do\u011fal Afetler<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00c7a\u011fatay Yi\u011fit Akkaya<\/p>\n
Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131 do\u011fal afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen do\u011fal afetlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ise depremler ile sel ve heyelanlar geliyor. Do\u011fal afetlerin \u00f6ncesinde, sonras\u0131nda ve esnas\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri bilmek, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Ege \u00dcniversitesi (E\u00dc) Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu (ASHMYO) akademisyenleri, Prof. Dr. Ali Ek\u015fi, \u00a0\u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dr. Bekta\u015f Sar\u0131, Do\u00e7. Dr. S\u00fcreyya G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fsoy, Prof. Dr. G\u00fclseren Keskin ve Dr. G\u00fcl \u00d6zlem Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m do\u011fal afetlerin \u00f6ncesi, esnas\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda hayatta tutacak alt\u0131n kurallar\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/b><\/p>\n
E\u00dc Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Ali Ek\u015fi, \u201c\u0130zmir\u2019de deprem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ta\u015fk\u0131nlar da b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00e7evresel bozulmalar afet riskinin olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm afetler i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle risk y\u00f6netiminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Depremler i\u00e7in bina stokuna ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131, kentsel k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor. Depremlere y\u00f6nelik bireysel tedbirler de al\u0131nmal\u0131. Mesela hareketli e\u015fyalar\u0131n sahiplenmesi gerekir. \u00a0Afet toplama alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz gerekmektedir. \u0130leti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7in cep telefonu her daim \u015farj edilmeli, kullan\u0131lan t\u0131bbi ila\u00e7lar yan\u0131n\u0131zda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deprem \u00e7antas\u0131na afet an\u0131nda ula\u015famama ihtimali oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in araba bagaj\u0131nda \u00e7antay\u0131 bekletmek daha uygun olacakt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir afetin ard\u0131ndan, ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131 i\u015flemez oldu\u011funda, daha \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir ileti\u015fim plan\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Panik atak ile m\u00fccadele hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. G\u00fclseren Keskin, \u201cDo\u011fal afetler, fiziksel yaranmalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra psikolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan da insanda ciddi problemlere neden olabilir. Afet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131lanan duygu paniktir. Bu duygu ancak ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak iyile\u015ftirilebilir. Bunun k\u0131sa bir yo\u011fun kayg\u0131 d\u00f6nemi oldu\u011funun ve yak\u0131nda bitece\u011finin kabul edilmesi, kayg\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda etkilidir. Panik ataklar genellikle ba\u015flad\u0131ktan 10 dakika sonra zirveye ula\u015f\u0131r ve daha sonra semptomlar azarlamaya ba\u015flar.\u00a0 Panik s\u0131ras\u0131nda bireyin kendini g\u00fcvende hissedebilece\u011fi bir yere almas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan bu g\u00fcven hissini art\u0131rabilecek bir mantra tekrarlanmas\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor olma duygusunu tetikler.\u00a0 Bu mantra \u2018Bu da ge\u00e7ecek\u2019 kadar basit olabilir. Ki\u015fi mantray\u0131 tekrarlamaya odakland\u0131k\u00e7a, fiziksel tepkileri yava\u015flayabilir, bu da nefesinin d\u00fczenlenmesine ve kaslar\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015femesine yol a\u00e7arak, kayg\u0131, stres ve panik duygular\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u201cDo\u011fal afet an\u0131nda sakinlik korunmal\u0131\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
Do\u011fal afet an\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u00d6\u011fr.G\u00f6r.Dr.Sar\u0131 \u201cG\u00fcvenli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n afet s\u0131ras\u0131nda can kayb\u0131 ve yaralanmalar\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal afet an\u0131nda sakinlik korunmal\u0131 ve ne yapmamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini bilmeliyiz. Deprem an\u0131nda sabitlenmemi\u015f her e\u015fyadan uzak durulmal\u0131 ve koruma sa\u011flayabilecek e\u015fyan\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6melerek hayat \u00fc\u00e7geni olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 G\u00fcvenli bir yer bulup, diz \u00fcst\u00fc \u2018\u00e7\u00f6k\u2019, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve enseni koruyacak \u015fekilde \u2018kapan\u2019 ve d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in sabit bir yere \u2018tutun\u2019 hareketleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Merdivenler, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar ya da balkonlardan uzak durulmal\u0131, asans\u00f6re y\u00f6nelinmemelidir. Acil durum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda telefon kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131, gaz, elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar kapat\u0131lmal\u0131, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. A\u00e7\u0131k arazide ise \u00e7\u00f6melerek etraftan gelen tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan uzak durulmal\u0131, binadan d\u00fc\u015fmesi muhtemel baca, cam k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u0131valara kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sel ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yaysan\u0131z da e\u011fer arac\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7inde yakaland\u0131ysan\u0131z ve arac\u0131n\u0131z bozulduysa mutlaka arac\u0131 terk ederek y\u00fcksek bir yere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sel sular\u0131n\u0131n temas etti\u011fi yiyecekler yenmemelidir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Enkazdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik sa\u011fl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n
Enkaz alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan birine uygulanan sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u015flemleri hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fan Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u201cDepremlerde daha fazla oranda en \u00e7ok; alt ve \u00fcst uzuv, omurga, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs, kal\u00e7a ve kafa yaralanmalar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 organ ezilmeleri olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu tip yaralanmalarda en erken s\u00fcrede afetzedelerin g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde enkazdan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak, hayati bulgular\u0131 kontrol edilir. Bu fonksiyonlar\u0131n devam\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde transport edilmesi, bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deprem nedenli olay yerinde en s\u0131k olarak \u00e7oklu travma hastalar\u0131nda yaralanmalar ve k\u0131r\u0131k kemiklere m\u00fcdahaleler yo\u011funla\u015fsa da afetzedenin ve kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, bilin\u00e7 kontrol\u00fc, hava yolu y\u00f6netimi, solunum, dola\u015f\u0131m, yaralanmalar\u0131n ve n\u00f6rolojik durumun kontrol\u00fc, \u0131s\u0131 kontrol\u00fc ve psikolojik destek unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Enkazdan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilinci a\u00e7\u0131k, kendisi soluyabilen afetzedeleri olas\u0131 boyun yaralanmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun boyutta boyunluklar ile boynu hemen sabitlenmelidir. V\u00fccudunda a\u00e7\u0131k yara varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yaray\u0131 \u00e7evresel zararlardan korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 olmayan temiz bezler ile kapatmal\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131r tarzda kanama var ise kanamay\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kanayan b\u00f6lgeye do\u011frudan bas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Afetzede uzun s\u00fcre g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck alt\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak kald\u0131 ise ezilme tablosu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve bu tabloda kana kar\u0131\u015fan baz\u0131 maddeler kalbin ritmini bozar ve b\u00f6bre\u011fi t\u0131kayarak zarar verir. Bu durumdaki hastalara a\u011f\u0131zdan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey verilmemelidir. Enkaz alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan afetzedelerde yaralanma ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle hipotermi geli\u015febilir. Hipotermi kesinlikle engellenmeli, var ise h\u0131zl\u0131ca d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in termal battaniyeler ile \u00f6rt\u00fclmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuklar ve \u00f6zel gereksinimli bireylere nas\u0131l davran\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n
Afetler s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar ve \u00f6zel gereksinimli bireylerin hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Atat\u00fcrk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Do\u00e7. Dr. S\u00fcreyya G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fsoy \u201cAfet sonras\u0131nda bak\u0131m hizmeti sunabilecek alanlar, \u00e7ocuklara ek stres yaratma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirecek \u015fekilde tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ebeveynler ve aile \u00fcyeleri, de\u011ferlendirme ve tedavi s\u00fcreci boyunca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. Afet s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya hemen sonras\u0131nda, olaydan etkilenen t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n olay\u0131 anlamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya ve psikolojik ilk yard\u0131m sa\u011flamaya odaklan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun g\u0131da, su, bar\u0131nma gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fiziksel a\u00e7\u0131dan sa\u011fl\u0131k m\u00fcdahalesi gerektiren bir durumu varsa \u00e7ocuk ivedilikle sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine y\u00f6nlendirilmelidir. \u00d6zel gereksinimi ve kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bireysel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim faaliyetlerine devam edebilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131, \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131 ve ihmalinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ecek \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel gereksinimli ki\u015filerin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 ve yeteneklerine g\u00f6re uyarlanan yetersizliklere duyarl\u0131 afet y\u00f6netiminde her yetersizlik grubu kendi dinamikleri i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bedensel, zihinsel, g\u00f6rme ve i\u015fitme gibi yetersizlik gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ve y\u00f6netim y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirilmeli ve planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut yap\u0131sal sistem \u00f6zel gereksinimli bireyler i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale getirilmelidir. \u00d6zel gereksinimli bireylere afet \u00f6ncesi, s\u0131ras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun davran\u0131\u015flar \u00f6\u011fretilmelidir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: Do\u011fal Afetler \u00c7a\u011fatay Yi\u011fit Akkaya Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131 do\u011fal afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,99,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-egitim","category-gncl","category-kampus"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj.jpg",1080,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-768x768.jpg",640,640,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-1024x1024.jpg",640,640,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj.jpg",1080,1080,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj.jpg",1080,1080,false],"newsphere-slider-full":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-1080x720.jpg",1080,720,true],"newsphere-featured":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-1024x1024.jpg",1024,1024,true],"newsphere-medium":["https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ashmyokolaj-720x380.jpg",720,380,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Editor","author_link":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/author\/editor\/"},"category_info":"Bilim<\/a> E\u011fitim<\/a> G\u00fcncel<\/a> Kamp\u00fcs<\/a>","tag_info":"Kamp\u00fcs","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20503,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20501\/revisions\/20503"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}