{"id":19807,"date":"2024-02-28T05:19:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T05:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/?p=19807"},"modified":"2024-02-28T07:27:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T07:27:33","slug":"klaros-kutsal-alani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.euegeajans.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/28\/klaros-kutsal-alani\/","title":{"rendered":"KLAROS KUTSAL ALANI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ege \u00dcniversitesi Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu en uzun soluklu kaz\u0131<\/p>\n

KLAROS KUTSAL ALANI<\/b><\/p>\n

Ege \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Do\u00e7. Dr. Onur Zunal, Ege \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Menderes \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yer alan Klaros kaz\u0131 alan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verdi. Do\u00e7. Dr. Zunal, \u201cKlaros, Ege \u00dcniversitesi Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu en uzun soluklu kaz\u0131lardan birisidir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\"\"Klaros kaz\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konumdan bahseden Do\u00e7. Dr. Zunal, \u201cMenderes \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yer alan Klaros, \u0130onia\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kutsal alanlar\u0131ndan biri ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015fu ana kadar yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere en eski kehanet merkezidir.\u00a0Klaros, Menderes\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde, ovay\u0131 g\u00fcneydeki Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi’ne ba\u011flayan Ahmetbeyli Vadisi’nin taban d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yer al\u0131r. Kla\u00adros\u2019un yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ahmetbeyli Vadisi, Smyrna ve Ephesos kentleri aras\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir kav\u015fak noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kutsal alan olan Klaros\u2019un ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ana kentleri, kuzeydeki Kolophon\u2019a uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 13 kilometre, g\u00fcneydeki Notion\u2019a uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 1.6 kilometredir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan bahseden\u00a0Do\u00e7. Dr. Onur Zunal, \u201cAntik metinler ve arkeolojik verilere g\u00f6re \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda kuruldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan Klaros\u2019ta ilk sistemli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda Carl Schuchhardt taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan ilk kaz\u0131,\u00a0Theodor Macridy\u2019nin 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda kutsal alanda al\u00fcvyon dolgunun alt\u0131nda kalan tek s\u00fctunun a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyini g\u00f6r\u00fcp burada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sondaj yapmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1950-1961 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Loius Robert ve Jeanne Robert, 1988-1997 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da Juliette de La Geni\u00e8re taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Klaros\u2019ta s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen kaz\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Ege \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcye ve elemanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan devam ettiriliyor. 2001-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Nuran \u015eahin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana bilimsel dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131mda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Klaros, bu anlamda Ege \u00dcniversitesi Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu en uzun soluklu kaz\u0131lardan birisidir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Helenistik d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt heykelleri yer al\u0131yor<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"Klaros denilince do\u011fal olarak ak\u0131llara ilk gelen an\u0131tsal boyutlara sahip olan Hellenistik d\u00f6nem Apollon Klarios tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ve tap\u0131na\u011fa ait k\u00fclt heykeller oldu\u011funu belirten Do\u00e7. Dr. Zunal, \u201cBu heykeller 6×11 s\u00fctunlu, 26m x 45m boyutlar\u0131nda, peripteros planl\u0131 tap\u0131nak \u0130onia\u2019da Helenistik d\u00f6nemde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan tek Dor tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce \u00a03\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce 2\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n krepisi, pronaosu, naosu ve an\u0131tsal k\u00fclt heykelleri tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tap\u0131nak plan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcnik birtak\u0131m \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. Tap\u0131na\u011fa giri\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kuzeyde ve g\u00fcneyde iki farkl\u0131 merdiven yer al\u0131r. Kuzeydeki merdiven tap\u0131na\u011fa girenler, g\u00fcneydeki merdiven de tap\u0131naktan \u00e7\u0131kanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her iki merdivenin yerin alt\u0131nda yer alan t\u00fcnel \u015feklindeki koridorla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olup bu koridor kemerlerle desteklenmi\u015f iki adytona a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6n adyton rahip, yazman ve kehanet ba\u015fvurusunda bulunanlar\u0131n bekleme yeri olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kutsal su kuyusunun bulundu\u011fu arka adyton ise kehanet i\u015finin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yer olup buray\u0131 sadece tanr\u0131 Apollon\u2019un k\u00e2hini kullanmaktayd\u0131. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan\u00a0Apollon, Artemis ve Leto k\u00fclt heykelleri bir antik d\u00f6nem kutsal alan\u0131nda ve tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f en iyi durumda korunagelmi\u015f \u00fcnik \u00f6rnekler olarak dikkat \u00e7eker. Mermerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f heykellerin orijinal y\u00fckseklikleri 7 metre, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ise 25 ton civar\u0131ndayd\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKehanet merkezi: Klaros\u201d<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"Klaros\u2019un bir kehanet merkezi olmas\u0131 konusuna da de\u011finen Do\u00e7. Dr. Zunal, \u201cKelime anlam\u0131 gelecekle ilgili \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclerde bulunmak olan kehanet, Yunan pantheonunda birbirinden farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri olan tanr\u0131, tanr\u0131\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda Apollon\u2019un sorumlu oldu\u011fu i\u015flerden biriydi. Kehanet, gelecekle ilgili bilgiler vermenin \u00f6tesinde Yunan toplumu i\u00e7in dinsel bir olgu ve zorunluluk anlam\u0131na da gelmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle t\u00fcm toplumu ilgilendiren \u00f6nemli kararlar verilece\u011fi zaman mutlaka Apollon\u2019a dan\u0131\u015fmak gerekirdi. Ayr\u0131ca ki\u015fisel meselelerini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in de insanlar\u0131n Klaros\u2019a geldikleri bilinmektedir. Bu anlamda Apollon\u2019un kehanet verme \u00f6zelli\u011fi, Klaros\u2019un \u00e7ok say\u0131da ziyaret\u00e7i almas\u0131ndaki ana nedendir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle de \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan Klaros, \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce 2\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015f ve Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun uzak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok kentten ziyaret\u00e7i alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Zunal, \u201cKlaros\u2019ta bulunan delegasyon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz isimleriyle \u0130talya, \u0130spanya, \u0130ngiltere, H\u0131rvatistan, Bulgaristan ve Moritanya gibi farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin pek \u00e7ok kentlerinden heyetler Klaros\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir. Bu anlamda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan, Klaros\u2019ta verilmi\u015f en me\u015fhur kehanet Smyrna\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fudur. \u00d6yk\u00fcye g\u00f6re, Aleksandros, Smyrna\u2019y\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Pagos Tepesi\u2019nde uykuya dalar.\u00a0 R\u00fcyas\u0131nda, Nemesis ilaheleri kendisine uyudu\u011fu yerde bir kent kurmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerler. Aleksandros, r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131n yorumlatmak i\u00e7in generallerinden Lysimakhos\u2019u, Klaros\u2019a g\u00f6nderir. Tanr\u0131dan \u2018Kutsal Meles \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Pagos\u2019ta oturacak olan halk, \u00fc\u00e7 hatta d\u00f6rt kat daha mutlu olacak\u2019 yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve Pagos\u2019ta Yeni Smyrna\u2019y\u0131 kurar\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n